Nigeria, often described as the “Giant of Africa,” is a nation defined by its rich cultural diversity, dynamic economy, and resilient people. Its identity, however, is marked not only by unity but also by complex historical tensions, especially among its prominent ethnic groups, the Yoruba, Hausa-Fulani, and Igbo. Each group has played an instrumental role in shaping Nigeria’s trajectory, yet it is the Igbo people who, despite their industriousness and undeniable contributions to the country, continue to face systemic marginalization. As the nation charts its future, it is crucial to heed the wisdom embedded in the Igbo proverb, “Egbe bere Ugo bere”,which translates to “Let the kite perch, let the eagle perch,” a call for equality and mutual respect that Nigeria’s leadership and citizenry must embrace if true unity and progress are to be achieved......See Full Story>>.....See Full Story>>
The Igbo ethos of “Egbe bere Ugo bere” has deep cultural roots, symbolizing coexistence, respect, and the right of all to thrive without interference. In traditional Igbo society, this principle serves as a moral compass that fosters peace and discourages divisiveness. It recognizes the rights of all beings, represented by the kite and the eagle, to perch and flourish without hindrance. For the Igbo, this philosophy underscores the ideal society: one in which every person, community, and region has the freedom and support to prosper without oppression. It represents a vision of equality and mutual benefit that should be central to Nigeria’s collective ethos.
But in today’s Nigeria, this wisdom has yet to resonate in the treatment of the Igbo people. Rather than honoring this call for harmonious coexistence, the nation’s political and economic systems have repeatedly sidelined and suppressed the Igbo, fostering an environment of exclusion rather than inclusion. If Nigeria is to fulfill its promise as a truly united, progressive nation, its leaders must prioritize inclusive policies that reflect “Egbe bere Ugo bere”, ensuring that the Igbo people and all other groups are given an equal stake in the country’s future.
To understand the depth of Igbo marginalization, one must look at Nigeria’s post-independence history, particularly the Civil War (1967–1970) and the events that followed. The war, fought over the Igbo-led declaration of the independent state of Biafra, left deep scars and ushered in an era of distrust and systemic exclusion. The Igbo people, who bore the brunt of the war, were largely left to rebuild their lives and communities without substantial governmental support, and many policies were enacted that curtailed their socioeconomic mobility. The indigenization policy of the 1970s, which ostensibly aimed to empower Nigerians by transferring ownership of foreign businesses to locals, often limited the opportunities available to Igbos, while government investments in infrastructure development consistently bypassed the Southeast, stalling the region’s growth.
Today, this legacy of marginalization persists in various forms, affecting political representation, economic development, and access to social amenities. Despite being a major ethnic group with a unique cultural heritage and an impressive entrepreneurial spirit, the Igbo people are disproportionately underrepresented in the upper echelons of government. Presidential power, in particular, has eluded the Southeast for decades, reinforcing a feeling of alienation and disenfranchisement. Moreover, Southeast infrastructure remains severely underdeveloped compared to other regions, with dilapidated roads, inadequate healthcare facilities, and limited federal investments. This neglect not only hinders the region’s growth but also signals to the Igbo people that their needs and contributions are not valued by the national government.
This situation is further compounded by negative stereotypes and divisive narratives, which have persisted for decades, painting the Igbo as secessionist-minded or overly ambitious. Such portrayals serve to alienate them further, trivializing their legitimate grievances and pushing aside their calls for a fair and inclusive Nigeria. This continuous sidelining has fostered a sense of “otherness” among the Igbo, even though they are integral to Nigeria’s fabric and have consistently demonstrated a commitment to the nation’s development.
The Igbo people have been instrumental in Nigeria’s development across a variety of sectors, particularly in commerce, manufacturing, education, and healthcare. Their entrepreneurial spirit is renowned, with many Igbo-led businesses contributing significantly to the Nigerian economy. From major markets like Onitsha and Aba, which serve as commercial hubs not only for Nigeria but also for West Africa, to the notable presence of Igbo professionals in various industries, the Igbo people have continually demonstrated their commitment to building a prosperous Nigeria.
In addition to their economic contributions, the Igbo have also played a significant role in promoting educational and technological advancement. Historically, Igbo communities have prioritized education, resulting in a high level of academic achievement and a well-educated workforce. Many of Nigeria’s leading intellectuals, scientists, and innovators hail from the Southeast, yet this intellectual capital remains underutilized at the national level due to entrenched biases and exclusionary practices.
Culturally, the Igbo people have enriched Nigeria with their traditions, art, music, and cuisine. Festivals like the New Yam Festival, which celebrates the harvest and symbolizes gratitude and renewal, are a testament to the Igbo’s enduring heritage and values. Recognizing and celebrating these contributions is essential for fostering a sense of unity and mutual respect among Nigeria’s diverse ethnic groups.
Embracing the philosophy of “Egbe bere Ugo bere” in governance requires a paradigm shift in Nigeria’s political and social framework. It necessitates a commitment to fairness, equity, and the creation of equal opportunities for all ethnic groups. This vision of governance would prioritize policies that bridge regional divides, ensuring that every region receives adequate investment and development. By respecting this principle, Nigerian leaders could forge a society where diversity is seen not as a threat but as a source of strength, and where every citizen feels valued and empowered.
One critical area for such change is in political representation. Nigeria’s leaders should work towards a structure that allows all ethnic groups, including the Igbo, to have equal access to the highest offices. This would mean not only creating pathways for Southeast representation at the presidential level but also ensuring fair representation across all government agencies and institutions. Additionally, fair allocation of federal resources would provide a foundation for balanced development across Nigeria’s regions, addressing the infrastructure deficit in the Southeast and giving the Igbo people access to the social amenities they deserve.
The time has come for Nigeria to honor the wisdom of “Egbe bere Ugo bere” by fostering a society where every ethnic group is treated with respect and dignity. The concept of “Owners of Nigeria” should be expanded to include every citizen, irrespective of ethnicity, region, or religion. Rather than clinging to divisive rhetoric and exclusionary practices, Nigeria’s leadership must work to build a more inclusive nation, one that recognizes and celebrates the contributions of all its people.
For the Igbo, this would mean an end to the decades-long marginalization and a genuine opportunity to participate in shaping Nigeria’s future. It would mean a government that invests in the Southeast, a society that respects Igbo culture, and a nation that values the unique qualities that the Igbo bring to the Nigerian identity. Ultimately, a Nigeria that embraces “Egbe bere Ugo bere” would be one where all its citizens, whether they be from the North, South, East, or West, can coexist and thrive.
In fact, if Nigeria is to harness its full potential, it must commit to a future where every group is given the space to “perch” and thrive. Embracing the Igbo ethos of “Egbe bere Ugo bere” is not merely an act of cultural respect; it is a blueprint for unity, stability, and sustainable growth. In this shared vision, Nigeria can indeed become a nation that belongs to all.